{"product_id":"strata-performance-light","title":"Strata Performance Light","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eA refined, caffeine-free expression of the Strata Performance blend, crafted for those who seek elevated performance support without the stimulating effects of caffeine.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Strata Athletics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47720476246237,"sku":null,"price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0820\/7512\/3933\/files\/Screenshot_2026-03-15_at_3.45.27_PM_ed74dc49-0cc0-4a53-8dd3-5a10e4241053.png?v=1774896915","url":"https:\/\/www.strataathletics.store\/products\/strata-performance-light","provider":"Strata Athletics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}